Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a long-term condition where the kidneys gradually lose function. Early stages may have few symptoms, so regular screening is important for people with risk factors.
Who is at Risk?
Diabetes
Leading cause of CKD.
High blood pressure
Damages small blood vessels in kidneys.
Family history
Genetic predisposition increases risk.
Age & other conditions
Older adults, heart disease, prolonged NSAID use.
Common Symptoms
- Swelling in legs, ankles, or around the eyes (fluid retention)
- Fatigue, weakness, poor appetite
- Changes in urine (foamy, less or more frequent)
- Shortness of breath or persistent nausea
CKD Stages & Tests
CKD is staged by estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and urine albumin. Routine tests: blood creatinine (eGFR), urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR), blood pressure checks.
Management & Treatment
- Control underlying causes: Blood sugar and blood pressure control are critical.
- Medications: ACE inhibitors/ARBs often protect kidney function in specific patients—always follow prescriber guidance.
- Dietary changes: Tailored advice on salt, protein, potassium, and fluid intake from a renal dietitian.
- Prepare for advanced care: When needed — dialysis or kidney transplant options are discussed with nephrologists.
- Lifestyle: Maintain healthy weight, stop smoking, regular moderate exercise.
Prevention & Self-Care Tips
- Keep diabetes and blood pressure within targets.
- Limit long-term use of NSAIDs and check with your pharmacist/doctor.
- Stay hydrated but follow fluid guidance if you have advanced CKD.
- Attend regular follow-ups and lab tests as advised.